Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) can be defined as an acute onset of fever with change in mental status (confusion, disorientation, inability to talk, coma) and/ or new onset seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures). Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading diagnosed cause of acute encephalitis, others being enteroviruses, scrub typhus, measles and other viruses circulating in the local area. In many cases, however, no etiological agent is determined, and such cases are categorized broadly as acute encephalitis syndrome (AES).
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