Introduction to Galactic Chemical Evolution

摘要

InthislectureIwillintroducetheconceptofgalacticchemicalevolution,namelythestudyofhowandwherethechemicalelementsformedandhowtheyweredistributedinthestarsandgasingalaxies.Themainingredientstobuildmodelsofgalacticchemicalevolutionwillbedescribed.Theyinclude:initialconditions,starformationhistory,stellarnucleosynthesisandgasflowsinandoutofgalaxies.Thensomesimpleanalyticalmodelsandtheirsolutionswillbediscussedtogetherwiththemaincriticismsassociatedtothem.Theyieldperstellargenerationwillbedefinedandthehypothesisofinstantaneousrecyclingapproximationwillbecriticallydiscussed.Detailednumericalmodelsofchemicalevolutionofgalaxiesofdifferentmorphologicaltype,abletofollowthetimeevolutionoftheabundancesofsingleelements,willbediscussedandtheirpredictionswillbecomparedtoobservationaldata.Thecomparisonswillincludestellarabundancesaswellasinterstellarmediumones,measuredingalaxies.Iwillshowhow,fromthesecomparisons,onecanderiveimportantconstraintsonstellarnucleosynthesisandgalaxyformationmechanisms.MostoftheconceptsdescribedinthislecturecanbefoundinthemonographbyMatteucci(2012)...