Abstract A three-dimensional (3-D) wheel-rail rolling contact model with a wheel flat was built using commercial software Hypermesh, and the dynamic finite element simulation was conducted using LS-DYNA 3D/explicit code. Influences of the train speed, flat length and axle load on the vertical wheel-rail impact response were discussed, respectively. The results show that the maximum vertical wheel-rail impact force induced by the wheel flat is higher than that generated by the perfect wheel, and these two dynamic impact forces are much greater than the static axle load. Besides, the maximum von Mises equivalent stress and maximum equivalent plastic strain are observed on the wheel-rail contact surface, and both of them as well as the maximum wheel-rail impact force are sensitive to train speed, flat length and axle load.
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机译：摘要使用商业软件Hypermesh建立了带有轮辋的三维（3-D）轮轨滚动接触模型，并使用LS-DYNA 3D / explicit代码进行了动态有限元仿真。分别讨论了列车速度，扁平长度和轴负载对垂直轮轨冲击响应的影响。结果表明，由扁平轮胎产生的最大垂直轮轨冲击力要高于由理想车轮产生的最大垂直轮轨冲击力，这两个动态冲击力远大于静态轴载荷。此外，在轮轨接触面上观察到最大冯·米塞斯当量应力和最大当量塑性应变，并且两者以及最大轮轨冲击力都对列车速度，平坦长度和车轴载荷敏感。
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