Variation of phytochemical profiles and content among root morphotypes of American ginseng: Economic implications for the grower

摘要

Quality perception and hence price value of ginseng is often influenced by its root shape (morphotype). In this study, the profiles and content of six ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd) were compared among the three common root morphotypes [‘man-like’ (ML), ‘bulb’ (BLB), and ‘stick’ (STK)] of American ginseng. Also, analysis of a marketing strategy was done to ascertain if pre-sorting ginseng roots to respective morphotypes was a viable option to boost revenue returns for the grower. The results showed that ginsenosides profiles, specifically Rg1 and Re were inverse to each other. ML roots exclusively had a low Rg1/high Re profile whereas BLB and STK roots had mixed Rg1/Re profiles. The content of the evaluated ginsenosides varied significantly among root morphotypes, except for Rb2, Rc, and Rd. The sum of ginsenosides content was significantly higher in ML roots (2.19 ± 0.07%, w/w) compared to BLB or STK roots (1.86 ± 0.07% or 1.79 ± 0.07%, respectively). Based on tested ginsenoside content alone, ML roots could be inferred to be of higher quality. Analysis of a marketing strategy where roots are pre-sorted to respective morphotypes prior to selling indicated a potential for a grower to increase revenue even with just a modest price mark-up on ML roots, and given that the price value of the other root morphotypes (BLB and STK) is not drastically lowered due to sorting.