Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for renal calculi is less invasive treatment than open surgery. Vascular complications of this procedure include hematoma, pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula of which pseudoaneurysm is usually symptomatic 24h after procedure. Case Report : We report a case of pseudoaneurysm, which was symptomatic within less than 24h following procedure and because of drop in hemoglobin and changes in hemodynamic status and resistance to conservative therapy, was a candidate for renal artery angiography. When definitive diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm was confirmed via angiography, treatment was done successfully by superselective embolization with microcoils and the patient was discharged with good general condition one day later. Conclusion: Pseudoaneurysm as a rare vascular complication following PCNL , diagnosed by renal angiography within less than 24h and superselective embolization of it was done successfully.
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