Management of Urban Wastewater in the City of Maradi (Niger): The Case of Domestic Wastewater

摘要

Uncontrolledurbanization of African cities and the lack of municipal waste managementservices in these cities make landscapes become places of multiple and variedinteractions between health and environment. In this sense, under strong urbangrowth in a context of sub-equipment sanitation, the city of Maradi doesn’tescape to this situation which results in the spread of pollution (release ofunpleasant odors, and proliferation of mosquitoes) and many diseases posingmultiple health problems. Our study focuses only on liquid waste especially domesticwastewater. To study the different domestic wastewater management options inthe town of Maradi, a survey was conducted among 340 households in 17 districts.We note in most cases a crucial of waste management infrastructure (drainageand wastewater treatment) in the city. Thus, only the individual sanitationfacilities are used. In the town of Maradi, in addition to the storm drains,there are, in old districts, ditches that discharge wastewater and unfortunatelyend up in rivers without treatment. Total domestic wastewater production isestimated at 86761.28 m3 per day. This water is mostly from laundry activities, bathing, dishes, and is dischargedin large part through the streets, by more than 60% of households. Also,pit emptying is performed at 39.11% by the vehicle Peugeot tank. The quality ofservice rendered by an actor is very important to encourage households to join. Existing autonomous sanitationfacilities are poorly designed and poorly maintained. Fecal sludge isdumped in a hole near saturated latrines; this work is mainly done by manualscavengers or dumped in fields or on nearby vacant land concessions.