Recent progress on the traditional Chinese medicines that regulate the blood

摘要

Abstract In traditional Chinese medicine, the herbs that regulate blood play a vital role. Here, nine herbs including Typhae Pollen, Notoginseng Root, Common Bletilla Tuber, India Madder Root and Rhizome, Chinese Arborvitae Twig, Lignum Dalbergiae Oderiferae, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Corydalis Tuber, and Motherwort Herb were selected and reviewed for their recent studies on anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects. Besides, the analytical methods developed to qualify or quantify the active compounds of the herbs are also summarized. Graphical abstract Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide Keywords analytical methods ; traditional Chinese medicine prs.rt("abs_end"); 1. Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used clinically for centuries viewed as a major source for new drug discovery. Chemical constituents, mechanism of actions, and clinical evidence have continually drawn thousands of researchers and funding. In traditional medicine theory, the balance of qi and blood is the most important factor for health. Therefore, TCMs that regulate the blood play an important role in treatment. Blood pathology can be divided into three categories in TCM: bleeding, blood stasis, and blood deficiency. Therefore, the herbs that regulate the blood can also be divided into three: those that stop bleeding, those that invigorate the blood, and those that tonify the blood [1] . This review summarizes research from the past 10?years on herbs that regulate the blood, including new mechanisms, usage, clinical evidence, and analytical methods. Due to the limitations of space and time, only nine herbs were selected in this review: Typhae Pollen, Notoginseng Root, Common Bletilla Tuber, India Madder Root and Rhizome, Chinese Arborvitae Twig, Lignum Dalbergiae Oderiferae, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Corydalis Tuber, and Motherwort Herb. Some chemical structures of important bioactive compounds from these herbs are shown in Fig.?1 . Fig.?1.?Structures of the pure compounds from the herbs that regulate the blood. Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide 2. Typhae Pollen ( Typha angustifolia L., T. latifolia L., T. angustata Bory et Chaub., T. orientalis ) Typhae Pollen traditionally is used to stop bleeding of external traumatic injury, invigorate the blood, and dispel blood stasis [1] . Recent research is as follows. 2.1. Phytoremediation The recent main focus for this plant is so-called phytoremediation: its ability to remove heavy metal from wetland and recover the soil from heavy metal pollution [2] , [3] and [4] . 2.2. Anti-inflammation The pollen extract (2?μg/mL) may be used for the protection of H2O2-induced oxidative damage and dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, and for the treatment of both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in carrageenan-induced paw edema studies (500?mg/kg, 250?mg/kg, and 125?mg/kg methanol extract, orally) [5] and [6] . Dietary supplementation with 10% Typhae Pollen rhizome flour and its combination with prednisolone prevent colonic damage induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats by improving intestinal oxidative stress, but no synergistic effects were observed [7] . 2.3. Cardiovascular effects (2 S )-Naringenin can inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced platelet-derived growth factor receptor β via a G0/G1 arrest and may be valuable for managing atherosclerosis and/or vascular restenosis [8] . 3. Notoginseng Root ( Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen) Notoginseng Root traditionally is used to stop bleeding and transform blood stasis [1] . There is a lot of research on Notoginseng, therefore, only the recent review articles are summarized as follows.