Musculoskeletal decline and mortality: prospective data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study

摘要

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the relationship between musculoskeletal deterioration and all-cause mortality in a cohort of women studied prospectively over a decade. Methods A cohort of 750 women aged 50?￠????94 years was followed for a decade after femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in conjunction with comorbidities, health behaviour data, and other clinical measures. The outcome was all-cause mortality identified from the Australian National Deaths Index. Using Cox proportional hazards models and age as the time variable, mortality risks were estimated according to BMD groups (ideal-BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) and ALM groups ( T -scores > ?￠????1.0 high, ?￠????2.0 to ?￠????1.0 medium,