Severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia patient: case report and review of the literature

摘要

When diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), the clinical suspicion must be confirmed by laboratory tests. PJP is rarely described in patients with idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL), a rare T‐cell deficiency of unknown origin with persistently low levels of CD4+ T‐cells (<300 μl?1 or <20?% of total lymphocytes) but repeated negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests. We retrospectively analysed a case of an ICL patient with severe PJP associated with multiple opportunistic infections (OIs). We also reviewed the literature since 1986.