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Falling giants and the rise of gene editing: ethics, private interests and the public good

机译:堕落的巨人和基因编辑的兴起:伦理,私人利益和公共利益

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This paper considers the tensions created in genomic research by public and private for-profit ideals. Our intent is to strengthen the public good at a time when doing science is strongly motivated by market possibilities and opportunities. Focusing on the emergence of gene editing, and in particular CRISPR, we consider how commercialisation encourages hype and hope—a sense that only promise and idealism can achieve progress. At this rate, genomic research reinforces structures that promote, above all else, private interests, but that may attenuate conditions for the public good of science. In the first part, we situate genomics using the aphorism that ‘on the shoulders of giants we see farther’; these giants are infrastructures and research cultures rather than individual ‘heroes’ of science. In this respect, private initiatives are not the only pivot for successful discovery, and indeed, fascination in those could impinge upon the fundamental role of public-supported discovery. To redress these circumstances, we define the extent to which progress presupposes research strategies that are for the public good. In the second part, we use a ‘falling giant’ narrative to illustrate the risks of over-indulging for-profit initiatives. We therefore offer a counterpoint to commercialised science, using three identifiable ‘giants’—scientists, publics and cultures—to illustrate how the public good contributes to genomic discovery.
机译:本文考虑了公共和私人营利性理想在基因组研究中所产生的张力。我们的目的是在市场机遇和机遇强烈推动科学发展之际,加强公共利益。着眼于基因编辑,特别是CRISPR的出现,我们考虑了商业化如何鼓励炒作和希望-只有诺言和理想主义才能取得进步。以这种速度,基因组研究加强了首先促进私人利益的结构,但可能削弱了科学公共利益的条件。在第一部分中,我们使用“在更远的巨人的肩膀上”的格言来定位基因组。这些巨头是基础设施和研究文化,而不是个人的“英雄”。在这方面,私人倡议不是成功发现的唯一轴心,而事实上,对它们的迷恋可能会影响到公共支持的发现的基本作用。为了解决这些情况,我们定义了进步在多大程度上以有利于公共利益的研究策略为前提。在第二部分中,我们使用“倒下的巨人”叙述来说明过度沉迷于营利性计划的风险。因此,我们通过使用三个可识别的“巨人”(科学家,公众和文化)来说明商业化的科学,以说明公共物品如何促进基因组发现。

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