Phylogenetic relationships among genotypes of worldwide collection of spring and winter ryes (Secale cereale L.) determined by RAPD‐PCR markers

摘要

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important crop in northern and eastern Europe and is widely distributed worldwide. Because of its tolerance of adverse conditions such as cold and diseases, rye also constitutes a very important gene pool for the breeding of wheat and other related crops. A detailed knowledge and understanding of the genetic relationships among accessions is essential for the success of plant breeding programs as well as for efficient sampling and more informed utilization of available germplasm (Noli et al. 1997). Genetic diversity studies on rye will contribute to the maintenance and rational use of germplasm resources in the improvement of rye and related crops.DNA-based molecular marker techniques such as random polymorphic DNA (RAPD)(Williams et al. 1990), have provided powerful tools for evaluating genetic diversity within and between plant populations, as well as for elucidating genetic relationships among accessions within species. Since the RAPD technique does not require any previous knowledge of the target genome, and is relatively simple and rapid to carry out, RAPD markers have been extensively used in population genetics, analyses of biodiversity, and studies of relationships among species at different levels (Thormann and Osborn 1992; Williams et al. 1993; Heun et al. 1994). In cereal crops such as wheat (Cao et al. 1999), rice (Yu and Nguyen 1994) and barley (Tinker et al. 1993; Marillia and Scoles 1996; Fernandez et al. 2002), the technique has been applied to identifying cultivars and revealing phylogenetic relationships among them. In the case of rye, there are a few papers (Iqbal and Rayburn 1994; Loarce et al. 1996; Matos et al. 2001; Persson et al. 2001; Myskow et al. 2001) that have reported the application of the RAPD marker technique to rye molecular identification, and the technique was proved to be effective for characterizing the genetic background of rye. However, the information on genetic relationships is limited to small numbers of north European and American accessions. Knowledge of genetic relationships over a wider source range of sources and accessions of rye is essential for success in breeding the crop.The aims of the present study were to screen decamer oligonucleotide primers with relevance in bulk analysis, to determine genetic diversity and relationships using RAPD markers among widely adapted cultivars of rye from sources worldwide and to relate the rye cultivars with their eco-geographical origins.