Incidence and risk factors for surveillance failure in patients with regular hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance

摘要

BackgroundInitial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an advanced stage in patients under a regular surveillance program is a devastating problem.AimsWe assessed the prevalence and factors associated with this surveillance failure.MethodsA total of 304 HCC patients who received regular surveillance were retrospectively reviewed. Surveillance failure was defined when the tumor was diagnosed at beyond the Milan criteria.ResultsSurveillance failure rate was 5.9?%. Macronodular cirrhosis (MC), ultrasonography-only surveillance (US-S) and infiltrative tumor type were independent factors associated with surveillance failure. The surveillance failure rate was higher in patients with MC (10.3 vs. 3.2?%, p?=?0.022), US-S (14.6 vs. 4.3?%, p?=?0.013) and when the tumor was infiltrative type (57.1 vs. 2.1?%, p?