Relation between Triglyceride Levels and Body Mass Index with respect to Periodontitis in Gulbarga population in India

摘要

Aim: The purpose of this study was to correlate Triglyceride level and periodontal disease status in normal weight and overweight/ obese individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty patients diagnosed for chronic generalized periodontitis were included in the study, out of which thirty patients were in normal weight group and thirty were in over weight group. Weight (in kilograms) and height (in meters) were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the individual’s body weight by the square of his/her height and was accordingly divided into two groups: Group I- BMI < 25 (normal weight) and Group II- BMI ≥ 25 (overweight). Periodontal status was recorded using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) Index. Twelve hours fasting venous blood was drawn and sent to biochemistry department for assessment of Triglyceride levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to correlate BMI and CPITN score, Students‘t’ test was used to correlate Triglyceride and BMI, and Karl Pearsons correlation coefficient was used to correlate CPITN and Triglyceride levels. Data were analysed.Results: A significant correlation between BMI and mean CPITN scores at the confidence interval of 95%, and also a positive correlation between mean Triglyceride levels and CPITN scores were found.Conclusion: Patients with increased BMI and increased Triglyceride levels have significantly higher periodontal destruction incidence. There was a positive correlation between BMI, Triglycerides and Periodontal destruction. Introduction Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease resulting from the infection and interaction of specific subgingival bacterial species with components of the host immune response, influenced by many systemic factors in disease. Systemic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. Many systemic factors have been implicated for periodontal disease like diabetes mellitus, obesity and coronary heart diseases (1). Overweight is recently considered as one of the risk factor for periodontal disease. There are many studies showing significant correlation between overweight and prevalence of periodontitis (2-4). Clarke et al. (1995) proposed a model in which they focused on personal risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption and overweight/ obesity and concluded that obesity can act as risk factor for periodontal disease (5). Robert et al. (2005) also stated that increased BMI is related to severe periodontal attachment loss (6). It has also been shown that lipid levels are directly associated with extent of periodontal destruction (7). There are many studies showing correlation between hyper-triglyceridemia and periodontal health (8, 9). Kuramitsu et al. (2003) found that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in presence of lipid induces foaming of macrophages (10). Lipids may interact directly with the macrophage cell membrane interfering with membrane bound receptors and enzyme systems. Hence altering macrophage gene expression for essential polypeptide growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines: like Tumour Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin 1-β (11, 12). These are believed to be associated with periodontal destruction (13, 14). The aim of the present study was to correlate Triglyceride levels and periodontal disease status in normal weight and overweight/ obese individuals. Materials and Methods Sixty patients visiting the outpatient section, Department of Periodontics, H.K.E society’s S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India were screened and included in the study. Patients of both genders of age 18 years and above, having at least one site with both a probing depth of > 4 mm and a clinical attachment loss of > 3 mm (to diagnose as Periodontitis) were included. Patient with nephrosis, diabetes mellitus, endocrine disturbances, patients who had previously undergone periodontal treatment, pregnant women, smokers, and patient taking any me