Current situation of smokeless tobacco consumption and oral health impact in Myanmar

摘要

Objective:The aim of this study was to describe the current situation of smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption and its oral health impact in Myanmar.Methods:This study reviewed the published data, reports and research findings on prevalence, factors influencing on SLT use and its oral health impact among Myanmar population. Total of 27 related documents from 2000 to June 2019 were utilized in this study.Results:Literature review revealed that chewing betel quid (BQ) with tobacco is the common type of SLT in Myanmar because of its accessible and affordable price. Due to high consumption of SLT, oral cancer is one of the health challenges. The prevalence of SLT use in 13-15 years was not much changed from 6.5% in 2007 to 5.7% in 2016. Prevalence of SLT use in adults (25-64 years) increased from 31.0% in 2009 to 43.2% in 2014. SLT use was higher compared with smoking in both males and females. Large consumption of SLT was found in males (especially 25-34 years old), low socio-economic group and rural population. Among tobacco users, prevalence on the detection of premalignant lesions and oral cancer were 4%-8.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Moreover, BQ chewers without tobacco and with tobacco were 6 and 29 times, respectively, increase in risk of premalignant lesion than no BQ chewers. In addition, one study reported that more than half of the BQ chewers had periodontitis and there was a significant relationship. Chewers believe that chewing enhances social engagements, work activities and sexual attractiveness. And also, people initiate BQ chewing to quit smoking, to make breaths sweet and to prevent tooth decay etc.Conclusions:Although Tobacco Control Law was stipulated in 2006, strengthening the legislation especially on availability and accessibility of SLT products is necessary. And also, tobacco cessation interventions should be implemented at the national level.