Spatial Delimitation, Forecasting and Control of Japanese Encephalitis: India – A Case Study

摘要

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis through large parts of Asia with temperateand subtropical or tropical climate. In the present communication environmental determinants that influence the occurrenceof JE have been enlisted, and based on which a conceptual frame for JE transmission was developed. The concept ofendemic and epidemic has been defined using cluster analysis on JE occurrences in 175 districts over a period of 53 yearsin India. The average number (±standard deviation) of occurrences in endemic (7.4±3.5) and epidemic districts (3.4±2.9)was statistically significant (‘t’=8.3; P=0.000). In the epidemic areas, JE immunization of target population in the risk areamay be an effective preventive measure. In the endemic areas regular monitoring of vector population and viral activity,and implementing appropriate integrated methods of vector control are likely to reduce the transmission, besides the selectiveimmunization of children.