Comparison Of Prevalence And Antimicrobial Sensitivity Of Salmonella typhimurium In Apparently Healthy Cattle And Goat In Sango-Ota, Nigeria

摘要

Salmonella typhimurium has been extensively incriminated worldwide as common causes of Salmonellosis in humans, with food-animals serving as important reservoirs. This study was aimed at determining and comparing the prevalence of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from faeces of goats and cattle in Sango-Ota and also at determining the antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolated organisms. A total of 157 fresh faecal samples (50 from goat and 107 from cattle) were examined for the presence of Salmonella typhimurium using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. 22 (14%) of the total samples were positive for Salmonella typhimurium and 13 (8.28%) were positive for Salmonella spp. 19 (86.4%) of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated from cattle while 3 (13.6%) from goats while 12 (92.31%) of Salmonella spp were isolated from cattle while 1 (7.69%) from goats. Other organisms isolated were Citrobacter spp, Providencia spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, Yersinia spp, Morganella spp, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli and Serratia spp. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that majority of the isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid. A majority of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella spp, and other bacterial isolates were susceptible to all fluoroquinolones used in this study. A majority of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, augmentin, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and all cephalosporins used in this study. Salmonella typhimurium was present in both cattle and goat faeces in Sango-Ota and therefore if food from these sources are not properly handled it could lead to spread of the organism and occurrence of food borne salmonellosis. Introduction Salmonella is a Gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod shaped, facultative intracellular anaerobic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae trivially known as enteric bacteria (Todar, 2005). They are cytophilic, non-capsulated bacilli that are motile with peritrichous flagella ranging in size from 2 μm to 3 μm by 0.6 μm (Paul and Colin, 1990). They metabolize glucose to acids; catalase-positive, oxidase-negative. However, they can also live under aerobic conditions. Salmonella lives in the intestinal tracts of warm and cold blooded animals i.e. humans and animals (Todar, 2005). Salmonella typhimurium is the most widely distributed of the bacteria that causes enteric fever or gastroenteritis, which is designated as food poisoning and it is transmitted generally through contaminated food and water (Schlegel, 2002; Srivastava and Srivastava, 2003). Salmonellosis is considered as one of the widespread food-borne zoonoses in industrialised as well as developing countries (Molla et al., 2003). Due to the ability of Salmonella typhimurium to survive in meat and animal products that are not thoroughly cooked or not properly handled, animal products are the main sources of food borne salmonellosis (Akoachere et al., 2009). Therefore, cattle may carry this organism undetected into an abattoir at the time of slaughter. Salmonella typhimurium is ubiquitous as it has been reported in diverse environment including water, grass, silages, decomposing organic matter, soil and faeces (Hassan et al., 2000). Many animal species harbour Salmonella and can act as potential reservoirs for human infections. Salmonella may enter the food chain through carcass contamination with animal faeces at slaughter and during processing, or through food or food handlers (Hussein et al., 2010). Contact with farm animals, pets, reptiles and natural pet treats have also been associated with infection (Kariuki et al., 2006). Salmonella typhimurium can spread from farm to farm through exchange of livestock, by wildlife, or in runoff from fields (Todar, 2008).Direct cattle-to-cattle contact from other herds can also result in the introduction of Salmonella typhimurium into dairy farms. (Van Schaik et al., 2002). Another po