我国部分省区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌药物敏感性调查

摘要

为调查我国奶牛乳房炎奶样中金黄色葡萄球菌的药物敏感性情况,以便为该病的临床用药提供参考,本试验采用纸片扩散法对从北京、山西、内蒙古、新疆、浙江5省区奶牛乳房炎奶样中分离的148株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了抗菌药物敏感性检测.北京、山西、内蒙古分离株的临床药敏试验显示,所有菌株对头孢西丁、多西环素、四环素敏感或中介,对红霉素、克林霉素、青霉素、复方新诺明严重耐药,对氯霉素、环丙沙星和庆大霉素的敏感性有地域性差异,66％～100％的菌株同时对3种以上的抗菌药物耐药；新疆86株分离株和浙江20株分离株的临床药敏试验显示,所有菌株除对红霉素、克林霉素、青霉素、复方新诺明耐药外,对多西环素和四环素完全耐药,86％以上的分离株对5种以上抗菌药物耐药,同时还发现头孢西丁耐药株.调查结果显示,5省区乳房炎奶样中的金黄色葡萄球菌除对头孢类(头孢西丁)敏感外,对其他类型抗菌药物均存在一定程度的耐药,尤其对大环内酯类(红霉素)、林可胺类(克林霉素)、青霉素类(青霉素)、磺胺类(复方新诺明)抗菌药物严重耐药,对3～5种以上不同类型抗菌药物的多重耐药也较为普遍.调查表明,牛源性金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的广泛存在将对金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎的抗菌药物治疗形成严重挑战.%To investigate the current status of the antimicrobial resistance of bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates, in April to May of 2012, the random milk samples were collected from one or two random selected dairy farms or dairy culture zones of Beijing, Shanxi province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Total 42 Staphylococcus aureus strains, including Beijing (13), Shanxi (18) and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (11) were isolated and identified from the samples, and then antibiotics susceptibility of the strains were investigated by disc diffusion method. The results showed that the strains were sensitive or intermediary to cefoxitin, doxycycline and tetracycline, resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole compound, and heterogeneous to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin according to area of origin. Analysis of the multi-drug resistance situation, 66%~100% strains resisted to at least 3 antibiotics, more than 70% Beijing strains resisted to almost 5 antibiotics. In addition, 86 Xinjiang and 20 Zhejiang strains isolated after 2009 all resisted to erythromycin, clindamycin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole compound, doxycycline and tetracycline, and most strains resisted to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, furthermore, cefoxitin-resistance strains has arisen. Regarding the situation of multi-drug resistance, more than 86% the strains resisted to more than 5 antibiotics, and the situation was more serious than the strains of Beijing, Shanxi province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The investigation of antimicrobial sensitive of bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolated from five areas of China suggested that all the strains resisted to some types antibiotics besides cephalosporins and almost all strains resisted to macrolide antibiotics(erythromycin), Lincosamides(clindamycin), Penicillin (penicillin) and sulfa antibiotics(sulfamethoxazole compound), and at the same time, most strains resisted to 3 to 5 types antibiotics. More important was that cefoxitin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus(Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) had emerged in Xinjiang and Zhejiang. The investigation suggested that multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus would be a trouble to veterinarian and cause serious loss in dairy farm, and the survey will improve rational use of antibiotics in cow mastitis treatment.