Antimycotic and Antibacterial activities of Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC extracts and its Phytochemical Studies

摘要

Aim: To study the antimycotic, antibacterial and phytochemical properties of inherent in leaves, roots, stems, seeds and seed pods of Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC.Procedure: Fresh leaves, roots, stems, seeds and seed pods of G. pentaphylla were used to extract with methanol, acetone and water. Fresh extracts of were tested against 2 bacteria and also against 3 fungi using well diffusion method of susceptibility testing on sensitivity testing agar medium. Extracts of roots, stems, leaves, seeds and seed pods were screened phytochemically for the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavones, sugar, phenolic group, essential oil, amino acids and saponin.Results: Bacterial cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were highly susceptible to the acetone extracts of all the five parts of G. pentaphylla. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Metarhizium anisopliae were highly susceptible to the methanol extracts of all the parts of G. pentaphylla. The seed showed highest activity among all the plant parts. Highest activity index was observed for all extracts against the entomopathogenic fungi M. anisopliae. Both M. anisopliae and G. pentaphylla are active pest control agent, since both are incompatible to each other, it is difficult to use the both in integrated pest management (IPM) combinedly to manage the pests.Conclusion: The active antimicrobial ingredients in G. pentaphylla should be identified while its medicinal value to humans properly investigated in this regard. Introduction The cat's whiskers 11 , 5 (Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC.) is one vegetable, which grows as a weed in most tropical countries. The leaves and seeds of cat's whiskers are used in indigenous medicine in many countries 11 . In India the common names include kurhur and karaila 11 . Gynandropsis pentaphylla belongs to the plant family Capparidaceae. Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC syn Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.) and Cleome gynandra L. (Briq) 11 . It is a herb indigenous to the tropical and sub tropical regions. The herb is edible and grows up to 60cm high 12 , 10 , 14 , 1 .Kurhur has been used for several years in Indian traditional medical practices. G. pentaphylla leaves with a high percentage of vitamin C is taken as a pot herb in soups, fresh or dried 11 . The leaves are used as disinfectants. Inhalation of the leaves also relieves headaches; leaf juice and oil, for earache and eye wash 11 . Seeds have been reputed to have antihelmintic properties and oil is used as fish poison 25 , 26 , 11 . Sterols are also found in in these plants; with lupeol, campesterol and epi-lupeol having been isolated from this palnt 19 , 20 . In previous studies, the anthelmintic and antimicrobial properties of Capparidaceae plants have been reported 4 , 6 , 5 from different countries and in continuation of these objectives on this plant family, the phytochemical, antibacterial and antifungal properties of Gynandropsis pentaphylla are presented in the current study for the Indian G. pentaphylla. G. pentaphylla plants have been observed to have insecticidal, antifeedant and repellent characteristics 7 , 21 , 22 , 11 . The leaves have anti-tick properties. They also have repellent and acaricidal properties for larvae, nymphs and adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum ticks. Ticks may not be found for a distance of 2-5 m from the plant 11 . The ethanol extract is toxic to insect pests, such as the painted bug (Bagrada cruciferarum Kirk) and the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella L.) of cruciferous vegetables. The volatile oils permanently repel the diamond back moth larvae from treated cabbage leaves. The plant has an anti-feedant action against the tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura F.). The extract from the mature seeds is toxic to brinjal aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), and the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). The seeds contain phenolic compounds, which are natural products 15 , 11 . Lipids from seeds could be