26种植物乙醇提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌活性

摘要

为开发植物源杀菌剂提供依据,采用菌丝生长速率法测定26种植物乙醇提取物对4种植物病原菌的抑制活性.结果表明:在供试质量浓度为100 mg/mL 时,有12种植物乙醇提取物对番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、梨黑星病菌和玉米大斑病菌中至少1种病原菌的抑制率达 80%以上,其中播娘蒿、黄花草木樨、甘西鼠尾草、香薷、艾草、铁杆蒿和黄花蒿7种植物提取物菌丝生长抑制率均在90%以上.经过抑菌活性复筛,黄花草木樨、艾草、铁杆蒿和黄花蒿4种植物中含有农用抗菌成分且抑菌效果较好,可应用于无公害植物源杀菌剂的开发.%The objective of this paper was to study the effects of the ethanol extracts of 26 kinds of plants on four plant pathogens, and to provide a basis for botanical fungicide exploitation.The antifungal activities were tested by mycelium growth rate method.Results: Inhibition rate of 12 plant extracts were more than 80% to one or more tested fungi(Botrytis cinerea, Fusahum graminearum,Venturia piritna, Exserohilum turcicum) as the concentration was 100 mg/mL.Among which the inhibition rates of seven plant extracts were above 90%, including Descurainia sophia, Melilotus albus, Salvia przewalskii, Elsholtzia ciliata, Artemisia argyi, Heteropappus ciliosus, Artemisia annua.M.officinalis, A.annua, A.sacrorum and A.argyi had farm-oriented antibiotic constituents, and showed strong antibacterial activity by the secondary screening, which could be exploited as non-pollution botanical fungicides.