Study Of Hospital Based Malaria Cases In Mehsana District Of North Gujarat

摘要

Background and Objectives: Malaria is a very prone disease in rural India and it continues to be a major public health problem in many other tropical countries. The objective of present study is to found present scenario of malaria in Mehsana district of North Gujarat region.Methods: In present study we collect data from 1999 to 2005, five years of patients who found to be positive with malarial symptoms from central hospital of Mehsana district. We also collect the data of month wise distribution of number of patients under gone check up for malarial parasite and found positive with the kind of malarial infection.Results: During the year 1999 and 2005 positive case of malaria were found respectively 334 and 226. From compile data of six years one can say that as year progressing there is gradual decrease in no of positive patients. Out of 207 malarial cases in last year (2005), maximum number of cases 47 (22.7%) were reported in this hospital during a month of august and 149 cases were reported during months of July to October; monsoon season. Our result suggests that 92 % of cases are due to P. vivax and only 8% of total cases are due to P. falciparum.Interpretation and Conclusion: There is high prevalence of P. vivax as compare to P. falciparum infections. The maximum number of cases was reported in month of August and September which conclude that malaria is a seasonal disease. Introduction Malaria has been a scourge of the mankind for centuries. At its name implies mal-bad aria-air, it has been considered as being due to the bad air because of high prevalence of malaria in the marshy or swampy tropical area of world. Malaria is a well-known disease and it continues to be a major public health problem at the start of new millennium, in India and many other tropical countries with approximately 2 to 3 million new cases arising every year 1. Malaria alone kills three million people annually, including one child every 30 seconds2, 3. The problem is persistent not only amongst the city dwellers but also amongst the rural population. The problem in rural India is that the settlements are difficult to approach, road and transport facilities are minimal and health care facilities are scarce. Therefore, people visit a hospital only if the illness is prolonged and there is no response to the primary line of treatment. This report deals with malaria cases reported at a district based central hospital in Mehsana district of Gujarat State, India. In this district the population is relatively large. In most of the villages commonly the males are out in the city for employment and women, children and geriatric population stay back in the villages. This results in constant inflow and outflow of population, which might be leading to spread of malaria in both directions. The present study reviles the year and month wise distribution of number of patients visiting the hospital, found positive with fever, tested for malaria and the type of malaria present starting from January 1999 to February 2006. This study also looked at the number of patients observed positive with Falciparum and Vivax type of malarias. The total patients attended the hospital for various ailments including OPD and indoor patients were considered as the hospital population during the study period. Peripheral blood was collected and examined for malarial parasite, of any of the patients who had clinical features suggestive of malaria—history of fever with chills and rigors, enlargement of spleen, secondary anemia, etc. The thick and thin blood films were prepared. The prepared slides were checked by the hospital pathologist. The detailed medical records of all those who were positive for malaria parasite were maintained. The species of the parasite and also the stages in which the parasite were seen also noted. Slide positive rate (SPR), and slide falciparum rate (SfR) were calculated using the standard formula. Approximate 0.6 million of patients attended this hospital