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THE USE OF WATER SENSITIVE PAPER FOR THE EVALUATION OF SPRAY COVERAGE IN AN APPLE ORCHARD

机译:利用水敏纸评估苹果园喷雾覆盖率

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Three commercial mist-blowers were tested in an apple orchard at the end of vegetation development in October 2008, using pure water and water sensitive papers (WSP). The width between apples rows was 3.5 m, the average width of tree top was 1.6 m and the average apple height was 3.6 m. All the machines had the same “Albuz ATR 80” red nozzles and the tractor’s PTO had a rotational speed of 540 rpm. The average temperature during testing was 17.05 °C; the average air humidity was 56.55 %, and the average wind speed was 0.9 m/s from the West. The spraying equipment used was: (A) “Tifone Vento” 1500, water levels of 1000 l/ha, maximum. air velocity of 30 m/s and 18638 m3/h of airflow, 14 nozzles, travel velocity of 5 km/h and work pressure of 17 bars; (B) “Myers N1500”, water level of 1000 l/ha, maximum. air velocity of 34 m/s and 36580 m3/h of airflow, 14 nozzles, travel velocity of 5 km/h and work pressure bar of 11 bar; (C) “Hardi Zaturn 1500”, water level of 1000 l/ha, maximum. Air velocity of 38 m/s and 44590 m3/h of airflow, 18 nozzles, travel velocity of 5 km/h and work pressure of 7 bar. The “Tifone” mistblower had 10048 m3/h total amount of air on the left side of the blower and 8590 m3/h on the right side. With this amount of air, the average WSP coverage on the left side was 44.05 %, and on the right was 41.33 %. The“Myers” mistblower had 18120 m3/h total amount of air on the left side of the blower and 18460 m3/h at the right side. With this amount of air, the average WSP coverage on the left side was 33.61 %, and on the right side was 37.98 %. (C) The “Hardi” mistblower had 24940 m3/h total amount of air on the left side of the blower and 19650 m3/h on the right side. With this amount of air, the average WSP coverage on the left side was 45.85 %, and on the right side was 42.47 %. The WSP were photographed by a “Canon EOS 1000D”. The pictures were then converted by “Irfan View 4.0”, and finally elaborated by “Adobe Photoshop”, “Global Lab Image/2” and “Graduate” softwares.
机译:在2008年10月植被开发结束时,使用纯净水和水敏纸(WSP)在苹果园对三台商用除雾器进行了测试。苹果行之间的宽度为3.5 m,树顶的平均宽度为1.6 m,平均苹果高度为3.6 m。所有机器都具有相同的“ Albuz ATR 80”红色喷嘴,拖拉机的PTO的转速为540 rpm。测试期间的平均温度为17.05°C;空气平均湿度为56.55%,平均风速为0.9 m / s。使用的喷涂设备为:(A)“ Tifone Vento” 1500,最大水位为1000 l / ha。风速30 m / s和气流18638 m3 / h,喷嘴14个,行进速度5 km / h,工作压力17 bar; (B)“ Myers N1500”,最高水位1000 l / ha。风速为34 m / s,气流为36580 m3 / h,喷嘴为14,行进速度为5 km / h,工作压力为11 bar; (C)“ Hardi Zaturn 1500”,最高水位1000 l / ha。空气流速为38 m / s,气流为44590 m3 / h,喷嘴为18,行进速度为5 km / h,工作压力为7 bar。 “ Tifone”喷雾机的鼓风机左侧总空气量为10048立方米/小时,右侧为8590立方米/小时。在这样的空气量下,左侧的平均WSP覆盖率为44.05%,右侧的为41.33%。 “ Myers”喷雾机的鼓风机左侧总风量为18120 m3 / h,右侧为18460 m3 / h。在这样的空气量下,左侧的平均WSP覆盖率为33.61%,右侧为37.98%。 (C)“ Hardi”除雾器的鼓风机左侧总风量为24940 m3 / h,右侧为19650 m3 / h。在这样的空气量下,左侧的平均WSP覆盖率为45.85%,右侧为42.47%。 WSP由“ Canon EOS 1000D”拍摄。然后将图片通过“ Irfan View 4.0”进行转换,最后通过“ Adob​​e Photoshop”,“ Global Lab Image / 2”和“ Graduate”软件进行详细说明。

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