A Surprising Prevention Success: Why Did the HIV Epidemic Decline in Zimbabwe?

摘要

While dramatic gains in the availability of antiretroviral medications in developing countries have been achieved [1], there is growing consensus that, unless prevention efforts can be made more effective, there will ultimately be no victory in the fight against HIV/AIDS [1]–[4]. Maintaining tens of millions of people on treatment throughout their lifetimes will not be sustainable or affordable, particularly as drug resistance may increasingly result in the need for much more expensive second and third line medications. Although there have been promising breakthroughs in a few other areas, notably male circumcision and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) [1],[2],[5], it is widely recognized that behavior change must remain the core of prevention efforts [2]–[4].