GRAPE-6: Massively-Parallel Special-Purpose Computer for Astrophysical Particle Simulations

Makino Junichiro; Fukushige Toshiyuki; Koga Masaki; Namura Ken

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GRAPE-6: Massively-Parallel Special-Purpose Computer for Astrophysical Particle Simulations

机译：GRAPE-6：用于天体物理模拟的大规模并行专用计算机

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Inthispaper,wedescribethearchitectureandperformanceoftheGRAPE-6system,amassively-parallelspecial-purposecomputerforastrophysical$$N$$-bodysimulations.GRAPE-6isthesuccessorofGRAPE-4,whichwascompletedin1995andachievedthetheoreticalpeakspeedof1.08Tflops.AswasthecasewithGRAPE-4,theprimaryapplicationofGRAPE-6issimulationsofcollisionalsystems,thoughitcanalsobeusedforcollisionlesssystems.ThemaindifferencesbetweenGRAPE-4andGRAPE-6are(a)theprocessorchipofGRAPE-6integrates6force-calculationpipelines,comparedtoonepipelineofGRAPE-4(whichneeded3clockcyclestocalculateoneinteraction),(b)theclockspeedisincreasedfrom32to90a€‰MHz,and(C)thetotalnumberofprocessorchipsisincreasedfrom1728to2048.Theseimprovementsresultedinapeakspeedof64Tflops.WealsodiscussthedesignofthesuccessorofGRAPE-6.

机译：Inthispaper，wedescribethearchitectureandperformanceoftheGRAPE-6系统，amassively-parallelspecial-purposecomputerforastrophysical $$Ñ$$ - bodysimulations.GRAPE-6isthesuccessorofGRAPE-4，whichwascompletedin1995andachievedthetheoreticalpeakspeedof1.08Tflops.AswasthecasewithGRAPE-4，theprimaryapplicationofGRAPE-6issimulationsofcollisionalsystems，thoughitcanalsobeusedforcollisionlesssystems.ThemaindifferencesbetweenGRAPE-4andGRAPE-6顷（a）中theprocessorchipofGRAPE-6integrates6force -计算流水线，与GRAPE-4的流水线（需要3个时钟周期来计算一个相互作用）相比，（b）时钟速度从32提高到90a€MHz，并且（C）处理器芯片总数从1728到2048增加了。这也导致了64 flops峰值速度的设计得出了我们的结论。

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《PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan》 |2003年第6期|共页
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Makino Junichiro; Fukushige Toshiyuki; Koga Masaki; Namura Ken;
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1. GRAPE-6: Massively-Parallel Special-Purpose Computer for Astrophysical Particle Simulations [J] . Makino Junichiro, Fukushige Toshiyuki, Koga Masaki, PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan . 2003,第6期

机译：GRAPE-6：用于天体物理模拟的大规模并行专用计算机
2. Plasma particle simulations using a special-purpose computer system for gravitational N-body problems [J] . Shinya H, Yasunori M, Hiroshi I, Journal of Plasma Physics . 2006,第0期

机译：使用专用计算机系统对重力N体问题进行等离子体粒子模拟
3. Influence of Ion-Ion Coulomb Interactions on FT-ICR Mass Spectra at a High Magnetic Field: A Many-Particle Simulation Using a Special-Purpose Computer [J] . Makoto Fujiwara, rnNaohisa Happo, rnKoichi Tanaka Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan . 2010,第5期

机译：高磁场下离子库仑相互作用对FT-ICR质谱的影响：使用专用计算机的多粒子模拟
4. Astrophysical N-body simulations on GRAPE-4 Special-Purpose Computer [C] . Junichiro Makino, Makoto Taiji Proceedings of the 1995 ACM/IEEE supercomputing conference . 1995

机译：GRAPE-4专用计算机上的天体N体模拟
5. Parallelization Strategies for Large Particle Simulations in Astrophysics. [D] . Pattabiraman, Bharath. 2014

机译：天体物理学中大粒子模拟的并行化策略。
6. MDGRAPE-4: a special-purpose computer system for molecular dynamics simulations [O] . Itta Ohmura, Gentaro Morimoto, Yousuke Ohno, -1

机译：MDGRAPE-4：用于分子动力学模拟的专用计算机系统
7. Influence of Ion-Ion Coulomb Interactions on FT-ICR Mass Spectra at a High Magnetic Field: A Many-Particle Simulation Using a Special-Purpose Computer [O] . Makoto FUJIWARA, Naohisa HAPPO, Koichi TANAKA 2010

机译：离子离子库仑相互作用对高磁场FT-ICR质谱的影响：使用专用计算机进行多种粒子仿真

GRAPE-6: Massively-Parallel Special-Purpose Computer for Astrophysical Particle Simulations

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