Bearing fruit by male Carica papaya similar to that of a female plant provides a potential source for understanding Homo sapiens evolution

摘要

The papaya plant Carica papaya (family: Caricaceae), locally known as Papita, is cultivated commonly in different parts of Sindh-Pakistan specially in Karachi. It was reported hermaphrodite. Recently it has been reported to be an important plant, due to having X and Y chromosomes. As it has been already reported that the papaya sex chromosomes have virtually all of the features that the human sex chromosomes have. In the present paper observations are made that not all the male papaya plants due to male (mM) characteristic but some of them are hermaphrodite in characteristic (mmM = XXY = mMh = XYh), exactly identical to a normal male and have been recorded bearing fruits like the female papaya plants (mm = XX). This characteristic of the male papaya plant provides a clicking source for positive understanding of Homo sapiens evolution from a male (Aadam), that how the female sex chromosomes (XX) were evolved from a hermaphrodite (XXY). This theory has been proposed as "Aadam Hypothesis". In the present paper the theory of "Aadam Hypothesis" has been also supported by Natural Method of Propagation (NMP) of two different plant species Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe verticillata (syn K. tubiflora) having budding system for the propagation of fertile plantlets on scientific grounds.