ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF FEMALE PLANT FROM AN IDENTICAL MALE PLANT, IN CARICA PAPAYA L.

摘要

A field study was carried during January 2011 to March, 2013, to confirm the origin and evolution of female plant froman identical male plant in, a dioecious plant, the Carica papaya L. The plants were grown from the seeds of a normal femaleplant fruit. The grown, plants were identified as XX, XY and XYh (in March - April, 2012) on the basis of male and femaleflower bearing. The identical male plants, which usually bear only male (unisexual) flowers having calyx, corrolla andandroecium, were observed also to bear bisexual flower, having calyx, corrolla, and gynoecium (ovary fused withandroecium ). The fruits were set having the bisexual flowers in the identical male (hermaphrodite) plant. These fruits werekept under observation from setting to ripening stage. The ripened fruits were harvested from the identical male plants and90-95% fruits from these plants were found with the seeds. Plants grown from these male fruit seeds produced all three typeof plants i.e., male, female and hermaphrodite. This study indicated that an identical male (XYh) plant produced the female(XX) plant naturally, because of the XXY= XYh condition, which can contribute basic genetic material to male and femaleplants i.e an identical male (XYh = XXY= 2N +1 = 18+1= 19) produced all three type of plants, the pure male, thehermaphrodite and the female plant, originated from a single source of an identical male, as shown here. XYh = XXY JXY + XX + XXY. The propagation of all three sexes of Carica papaya from a single source of an identical male plant seedsis the first report in the world.