Effects of Probiotics on growth performance

摘要

Probiotics are products containing a single viable strain of beneficial bacteria or multiple bacterial strains that colonize the crop, small intestine, ceca, and cloaca . Beneficial microorganisms in probiotics ( in feed or water) may inhibit enteric pathogens by competing for attachment sites on surface of enterocytes, competing for nutrients, and producing antibacterial compounds (volatile fatty acids, low pH, and bacterocins) Moreover, probiotic may negatively affect pathogen metabolism by increasing or decreasing enzyme activity and stimulating immunity by increasing antibody levels and macrophage activity Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can be used to modify the gut environment to prevent introbacterial pathogens colonization, invasion, multiplication, and shedding . The review discusses the modes of action like antibacterial, competitive exclusion (CE), and immunomodulatory properties of probiotics, particularly in poultry. it is necessary to conduct more researches with prebiotics and probiotics as well as other feed additives to understand the detailed mechanisms of action and identify better alternatives for poultry production and health.