Una revisión de la literatura acerca de las características neuropsicológicas de ni?os con craneosinostosis simple en diferentes edades

摘要

Introduction: Single suture craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures. It leads to abnormal skull growth and in some cases to structural and/or functionalbrain abnormalities. If these anomalies cause a psychomotor development lag and/or cognitiveimpairment is a controversial topic. This study aims to review the main findings related topsychomotor development and cognitive functioning in children with craniosynostosis, frombirth to school age, dividing them into three stages: birth to 3 years, preschool and school. Method: An electronic search was made in PubMed from 2000 to 2015, using the followingkeywords: "craniosynostosis and neurodevelopment", "craniosynostosis and neuropsychological", "craniosynostosis and cognition". Results: In the early stage of life some children with craniosynostosis can have motor, language and cognition deficits; these impairments are alsopresent in a variable percentage of preschool children, in some cases accompanied with behaviordisorders; deficits in attention, executive functions and learning disorders, are reported in schoolyears. Conclusion: Some neuropsychological alterations are found in a variable proportion ofpatients with craniosynostosis in all stages of development whichare revealed depending on thedemands of each age. It is difficult to draw a cognitive profile for this population because of theheterogeneity related to characteristics of the sample, time of assessment, functions assessed andinstrument used. It is important to make longitudinal neuropsychological assessments to knowhow children with craniosynostosis are developing in late stages and to develop consensus about cognitive functions and assessment instruments appropriate for each age.