Influence of season and cows farming system on milk physical,chemical and hygienic traits

摘要

Raw cow milk quality and safety traits have been surveyed on samples collected from 67,703dairy cows (breeds Friesian, Simmental, Brown and Pinzgau). Fat and proteins levels were higherduring cold months than in summer (p < 0.001). The bacterial count (BC) indicated better milk hygienein autumn and winter vs. warm seasons (p < 0.001). Annual mean reached 70.38±0.37 germs/ml x 103(below the EU limit, 100 germs/ml x 103). The somatic cells count (SCC) followed the same trend, theannual level of 281.55±1.15 cells/ml x 103 was within the admitted range of 400 cells/ml x 103 (resultsconfirmed by the enzymatic reductase tests: 1st class – Good quality milk). No antibiotics weredetected. More germs were detected in cubicle accommodation system (bound cows; 75.83±0.48germs/ml x 103) compared to the straw yard farms (unbound cows; 42.51±0.24 germs/ml x 103 (p <0.001), as well as higher amount of somatic cells (308.74±1.52 vs. 172.65±1.06 cells/ml x 103). Themilk complied with the safety standards. The state of facts could be improved in the surveyed territory,especially in small and medium sized farms, through the observation of good hygiene and managementpractices prior, during milking and along the dairy logistic chain.