Introduction: the vertebral osteomyelitis or spondylodiscitis is an uncommon disease. Its incidence has increased in past years due to a significant quantity of spinal surgical procedures, to nosocomial bacteremia, aging of population and the addiction to intravenous drugs. The hematogenic infection is the commonest cause of spondylitis. The lengthy antimicrobial treatment and surgery are essential to control infection and to prevent appearance of sequelae. Objectives: to emphasize the significance of diagnosis and appropriate therapeutics, as well as to deepen in the knowledge of this entity. Description: this is the case of a male case aged 58 who after perform an intensive physical effort had an spinal low back pain, he had febricula in two occasions corresponding with a hematoma of the secondarily infected psoas and an overlapped clinical presentation where the nuclear magnetic resonance was the imaging technique allowed to made diagnosis. Its definitive treatment was the lengthy antibiotic therapy for more than 8 weeks with protection of the spinal column by means of orthesis (Taylor'corset). An early diagnosis was made imposing an appropriate treatment. Conclusions: with an appropriate and timely diagnosis it is possible to avoid complications and to improve the patient's life expectancies. It is necessary the great possible scientific popularization on this uncommon disease with a lack of clinical thought in the Cuban environment and thus, it is neither early suspected or diagnosed.
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