The objective of the Heteroatom quantum corrals and nanoplasmonics in graphene?(HeQuCoG) project is to create atomically precise structures made of silicon and phosphorus atoms embedded in the lattice of graphene. This will be achieved by combining proven modeling techniques with sample fabrication via carefully controlled ion implantation, and subsequent manipulation in an atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The structures will be computationally designed for interesting nanoplasmonic enhancement and quantum confinement properties, and characterized by electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping in the STEM. The expected outcome is a systematic demonstration of truly atomic-level material design and the creation of freestanding “quantum corral” structures for the first time. The controlled manipulation of matter on the atomic scale has been a long-standing dream of nanotechnology. Pioneering directions towards have already been explored, chiefly with the help of scanning tunneling microscopy. However, compared to the manipulation of surface atoms, graphene heteroatoms have the advantage of being stable at room temperature and even if the sample is taken out of the instrument. Furthermore, the coupling of light to nanostructures via plasmon resonances is an intensively pursued and promising research field, which is awaiting breakthroughs in material design before the field can live up to its expected potential.
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