HANDSHAKING IN THE SECULAR: UNDERSTANDING AGENCY OF VEILED TURKISH-DUTCH MUSLIM STUDENTS

摘要

The aim of this paper is newly founding a standpoint called ?￠????biological determinism,?￠???? which Geddes & Thompson already suggested around the times of Darwin. We put it forth as an antithesis to current debates on gender. The current debates on gender are mostly part of the humanities. They have heated up debates, putting scientific viewpoints aside. But it is not desirable. So against that, we introduce the scientific viewpoints, arranging a timeline first (???§???§4-9). This chronology itself could be a breaking point of the humanities. With thick piled theories in science, their conventional debates would be reviewed critically.