Anthocyanins of a?ai products in the United States

摘要

The numbers of commercial products containing a?ai fruit have been rapidly increasing in the US marketplace. Due to the a?ai palm's climatic requirements, the a?ai fruit portions of these products are imported, even when manufactured within the US. This work was conducted to assess the anthocyanin profiles and concentrations of a?ai products (total n?=?56; dietary supplements n?=?37; food products n?=?19) available to US consumers. Eleven (20%) of the products examined had problematic anthocyanin profiles; seven had no detectable anthocyanins (all were dietary supplements), and four had anthocyanin profiles inconsistent with natural ingredients (3 dietary supplements, 1 food item). The remaining samples (n?=?45) ranged widely in anthocyanin concentration, from 0.74 to 336.70?mg/100?g or 100?mL (average of 42.00), or 0.004 to 80.45 in mg/serving (average of 4.60). That range represented a 450-fold difference in anthocyanin concentration by mass (or volume), and 20,000-fold difference when calculated by serving. The a?ai dietary supplements (average 0.75?mg/serving) were significantly lower in anthocyanin than a?ai food products (average 10.38?mg/serving) on a mg per serving basis, an over 13-fold difference. A?ai product anthocyanin values (in mg/100?g or 100?mL) were overall lower than what can be obtained from fresh or frozen elderberry, black raspberry, or blackberry.