...
首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Microbiology >Editorial: Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses—Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes
【24h】

Editorial: Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses—Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes

机译:社论:用于共生的新兴工具—将基因组学应用程序用于研究内生菌

获取原文
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       

摘要

Endophytes, bacteria or fungi colonizing the interior of plants, are abundant, diverse, and play critical ecological roles across natural and agricultural ecosystems. Plants are typically colonized by hundreds of endophyte species without any noticeable disease symptoms. Endophytes have attracted the attention of researchers all over the world due to their various beneficial effects on plants. The rationale for studying endophytes using emerging tools is to better understand the beneficial bacteria and fungi associated with agricultural crops, including their origin, maintenance, and nutritional requirements could help the development of sustainable agricultural systems and the exploitation of various plant–symbiont natural products. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology and computation now allow more complete descriptions of the endophyte community composition without the biases imposed by culturing. Complementing taxonomic data, community functional traits such as substrate utilization, can be characterized at high throughput using Phenotype MicroArrays ( Blumenstein et al. ). Comparing whole genomes of endophytes and other symbiotic bacteria with those of pathogens, the factors underlying symbiosis can be identified. Furthermore, analysis of the transcriptomes of both host and microbes can unveil the molecular underpinnings of the interaction.The studies collected in this ebook advance our knowledge of endophytes and their impact on plants, highlighting the importance of both bacterial and fungal microbiomes on plant health and growth. For example, the largest plants on Earth, Sequoia sempervirens and Sequoiadendron giganteum host variable communities of bacteria in their foliage, including Bacillus, Burkholderia , and Actinomycetes species that could protect the giant trees against biotic stress was studied using 454 sequencing technology and data was analyzed using Quantitative insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) package ( Carrell and Frank ). It is already known that many endophytes induce resistance and protect the host against diseases. An endophyte of olive, Pseudomonas fluorescens PICF7, was found by Gómez-Lama Cabanás et al. antagonistic toward Verticillium , triggering a broad range of defense responses in root tissues and was studied using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization” (SSH) technology and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results indicated that the endophyte triggered defense responses not only locally in roots, but also in other tissues, such as stems and leaves, indicating a systemic response. Host responses by dark septate endophytes (DSEs) were elucidated in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Allium porrum , showing to be dependent on the plant species and ecotypes. An important finding was that the shifts in the environmental conditions directed the host responses along the mutualism–parasitism continuum, which confirms earlier understanding of the thin line between an endophyte and a pathogen ( Mandyam and Jumpponen ).Interaction and co-existence of endophytes and pathogens often depends on the full plant microbiome and virulence factors. One of the hot topics in our book is the comparative genomics of pathogens and endophytes, which is aimed to get a better grasp of these complex interactions and in turn to lead to a better understanding of plant health. Major differences between genomic virulence factors of endophytes and non-endophytes were analyzed by Lòpez-Fernàndez et al. whereas Sheibani-Tezerji et al. compared the genomes of three strains of Pantoea ananatis , isolated from healthy maize seeds, to identify functional genes and the genetic drivers of niche adaption.Many endophytes have other beneficial effects on the plant host besides protection against diseases, such as growth promotion. Some endophytes can induce development of roots or shoots of the host plant and the composition of the endophytic community may change along with development. For example, Agrobacterium and Erwinia dominated the seedling stage and members of Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium were mainly found in the mature leaves of Stevia, positively correlating with Steviol glycosides accumulation and was studied using V4 and V6 region of 16S rRNA gene using 454 GS-FLX platform ( Yu et al. ). Whereas the endophytes typically studied and sequenced are bacteria or fungi, the specific group of endophytic yeasts has largely gone unstudied. The pink-pigmented yeast strain Rhodotorula graminis WP1, isolated from Populus trichocarpa , was the first endophytic yeast genome to be sequenced using the Sanger whole genome shotgun approach ( Firrincieli et al. ). In comparison with the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor, R. graminis WP1 potentially uses a different signaling pathway to communicate with the host, even though both of these fungi are Basidiomycete symbionts of poplar. Another example is the study by Tadra-Sfeir et al. where RNA-Seq was used to identify the essential genes requ
机译:植于植物内部的内生菌,细菌或真菌丰富,多样,并在自然和农业生态系统中起着至关重要的生态作用。植物通常由数百种内生菌种定植,而没有任何明显的疾病症状。内生植物因其对植物的各种有益作用而吸引了全世界研究人员的注意力。使用新兴工具研究内生菌的基本原理是更好地了解与农作物有关的有益细菌和真菌,包括其起源,维持和营养需求,可帮助发展可持续的农业系统和开发各种植物共生的天然产物。 DNA测序技术和计算的最新进展现在允许对内生菌群落组成进行更完整的描述,而不会因培养而产生偏差。补充分类学数据,可以使用表型微阵列(Blumenstein等人)以高通量表征群落功能性状,例如底物利用率。将内生菌和其他共生细菌的整个基因组与病原体的整个基因组进行比较,可以确定共生的基础因素。此外,对宿主和微生物的转录组进行分析可以揭示相互作用的分子基础。本电子书中收集的研究提高了我们对内生菌及其对植物的影响的知识,强调了细菌和真菌微生物组对植物健康和植物生长的重要性。增长。例如,使用454测序技术研究了地球上最大的植物,红杉(Sequoia sempervirens)和红杉(Sequoiadendron giganteum)在其叶子中拥有可变的细菌群落,包括芽孢杆菌,伯克霍尔德氏菌和放线菌物种,这些物种可以保护巨树免受生物胁迫,并分析了数据使用对微生物生态学(QIIME)软件包的定量见解(Carrell和Frank)。众所周知,许多内生菌可以诱导抗性并保护宿主免受疾病侵害。 Gómez-LamaCabanás等人发现了橄榄的内生菌荧光假单胞菌PICF7。对黄萎病菌具有拮抗作用,在根组织中引发广泛的防御反应,并使用抑制消减杂交技术(SSH)和实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进行了研究。结果表明,内生菌不仅在根部局部触发防御反应,还在其他组织(例如茎和叶)中触发防御反应,表明是全身性反应。在模型植物拟南芥和葱属植物中阐明了黑暗的内生菌(DSE)对宿主的反应,这取决于植物种类和生态类型。一个重要的发现是环境条件的变化将宿主的反应引导到了共生-寄生关系的连续体上,这证实了对内生菌和病原体(Mandyam和Jumpponen)之间的细线的较早理解。内生菌与内生菌的相互作用和共存病原体通常取决于完整的植物微生物组和毒力因子。本书中的热门话题之一是病原体和内生菌的比较基因组学,目的是更好地了解这些复杂的相互作用,进而更好地理解植物健康。 Lòpez-Fernàndez等人分析了内生菌和非内生菌的基因组毒力因子之间的主要差异。而Sheibani-Tezerji等人。比较了从健康玉米种子中分离出的三种泛酸菌株的基因组,以鉴定功能基因和生态位适应的遗传驱动力。许多内生菌除对疾病的保护(例如促进生长)外,还对植物宿主具有其他有益作用。一些内生菌可以诱导宿主植物的根或芽发育,内生群落的组成可能随发育而变化。例如,农杆菌和欧文氏菌在苗期占主导,鞘氨醇单胞菌和甲基杆菌主要在甜叶菊的成熟叶片中发现,与甜菊醇糖苷积累成正相关,并使用454 GS-FLX平台通过16S rRNA基因的V4和V6区域进行研究。 (Yu等)。尽管通常研究和测序的内生菌是细菌或真菌,但尚未研究特定种类的内生酵母。从毛果杨分离的粉红色色素酵母菌株Rhodotorula graminis WP1是第一个使用桑格全基因组shot弹枪方法测序的内生酵母基因组(Firrincieli等人)。与菌根真菌双色紫胶菌(Laccaria bicolor)相比,R。graminis WP1可能使用不同的信号传导途径与宿主进行交流,即使这两种真菌都是杨树的担子菌共生体。另一个例子是Tadra-Sfeir等人的研究。使用RNA-Seq识别必需基因

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号