Between art and application;Special issue on emoji epistemology

摘要

Emoji culture is simultaneously becoming more “universal, particularistic, andpersonalizable” [1].In recent years, the technology, art, and media industries haveinstituted and legitimized emoji cultures through various milestone events: 2015 saw themove towards visual racial diversity as a skin tone modifier bearing five skin shades wasadded to all Apple operating systems (Tan, 2015); 2016 saw the original set of 176 emojibeing officially adopted into art history by the Museum of Modern Art (Galloway, 2016);and 2017 saw the release of an entire movie starring anthropomorphic emoji charactersin The Emoji Movie by Sony Pictures Animation (Box Office Mojo, n.d.).