The wormhole attack is a severe threat to wireless sensor networks. Most existingcountermeasures for detecting and locating wormhole links either require extra hardware or are toocomplex for the inherently capability-constrained sensor nodes. Actually, wormhole links canenormously change the original sensor network topology. In this paper, we introduce the HCA4DWmechanism for detecting and locating wormholes in wireless sensor networks. It is based on the basicidea that the change of topology can be detected through neighborhood validation. We discover themaximum necessary hop count between the sensors in the same neighbor set for neighborhoodvalidation. We describe the detail procedure of HCA4DW in this paper and test the performance of theHCA4DW mechanism rigorously through simulative experiments.
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