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Toward a mechanistic understanding of vulnerability to hook-and-line fishing: Boldness as the basic target of angling-induced selection

机译:从机械的角度理解钩钓的脆弱性:以大胆作为钓鱼诱因选择的基本目标

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Abstract In passively operated fishing gear, boldness-related behaviors should fundamentally affect the vulnerability of individual fish and thus be under fisheries selection. To test this hypothesis, we used juvenile common-garden reared carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) within a narrow size range to investigate the mechanistic basis of behavioral selection caused by angling. We focused on one key personality trait (i.e., boldness), measured in groups within ponds, two morphological traits (body shape and head shape), and one life-history trait (juvenile growth capacity) and studied mean standardized selection gradients caused by angling. Carp behavior was highly repeatable within ponds. In the short term, over seven days of fishing, total length, not boldness, was the main predictor of angling vulnerability. However, after 20 days of fishing, boldness turned out to be the main trait under selection, followed by juvenile growth rate, while morphological traits were only weakly related to angling vulnerability. In addition, we found juvenile growth rate to be moderately correlated with boldness. Hence, direct selection on boldness will also induce indirect selection on juvenile growth and vice versa, but given that the two traits are not perfectly correlated, independent evolution of both traits is also possible. Our study is among the first to mechanistically reveal that energy-acquisition-related behaviors, and not growth rate per se, are key factors determining the probability of capture, and hence, behavioral traits appear to be the prime targets of angling selection. We predict an evolutionary response toward increased shyness in intensively angling-exploited fish stocks, possibly causing the emergence of a timidity syndrome.
机译:摘要在被动操作的渔具中,与大胆相关的行为应从根本上影响单个鱼的脆弱性,因此应在渔业选择中进行。为了验证这一假设,我们在狭窄的大小范围内使用了幼稚的鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)来调查由钓鱼引起的行为选择的机制基础。我们集中于一项关键的人格特质(即胆量),在池塘中进行分组测量,确定两项形态学特征(身体形状和头部形状)和一项生活史特征(青少年的生长能力),并研究了由钓鱼引起的平均标准化选择梯度。鲤鱼的行为在池塘内是高度可重复的。在短期内,钓鱼超过七天,总长度而不是胆量是钓鱼脆弱性的主要预测指标。然而,经过20天的捕捞,果敢性最终成为了选择的主要特征,其次是幼鱼的生长速度,而形态特征与钓鱼的脆弱性仅存在微弱的关系。此外,我们发现少年的成长率与勇气有适度的相关性。因此,对胆量的直接选择也会诱导对青少年生长的间接选择,反之亦然,但是鉴于这两个性状不完全相关,两个性状的独立进化也是可能的。我们的研究是第一个从机械学角度揭示与能量获取相关的行为而非增长率本身的方法,它们是决定捕获可能性的关键因素,因此,行为特征似乎是钓鱼选择的主要目标。我们预测,在被大量钓鱼利用的鱼类种群中,害羞程度增加的进化反应可能会导致胆怯症候群的出现。

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