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Ozone Damages to Italian Crops: Environmental Constraints

机译:臭氧对意大利农作物的破坏:环境约束

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The main environmental features of Italian cropping systems are described with particular emphasis on their effects on crop responses to ozone pollution. High ozone levels have been recorded all over Italy and daily patterns show, at nighttimes, strong decreases in plain areas, while ozone levels remain high in hilly areas. In the latter sites, therefore, the contribution of nocturnal stomatal conductance (gsto) to ozone uptake should be further studied. It is well known that summer drought and soil salinity reduce the soil water potential, thus causing gsto to decrease. These are likely to be the most important factors reducing crop gas-exchange and yield under environmental conditions occurring in Italy. However, the stressinduced reduction of gsto also restricts ozone uptake and, consequently, its potential damage. In Southern Italy, gasexchange limitations have been also measured in irrigated crops between two successive irrigations. Finally, the effect of water stagnation, which often occurs in clay soils of southern Italy, should be not underestimated. In these soils, in fact, root anoxia will cause stomatal closure and, consequently, will also interfere with ozone uptake and damage.
机译:描述了意大利种植系统的主要环境特征,并特别强调了它们对作物对臭氧污染的反应的影响。在整个意大利都记录到高的臭氧水平,日常模式显示,夜间,平原地区的臭氧含量大幅下降,而丘陵地区的臭氧水平仍然很高。因此,在后一地点,应进一步研究夜间气孔导度(gsto)对臭氧吸收的影响。众所周知,夏季干旱和土壤盐分降低了土壤水势,从而导致谷胱甘肽降低。在意大利发生的环境条件下,这些可能是降低作物气体交换和产量的最重要因素。然而,压力导致的谷胱甘肽的减少也限制了臭氧的吸收,因此限制了其潜在的破坏。在意大利南部,在两次连续灌溉之间的灌溉作物中也测量了气体交换的局限性。最后,不应低估通常在意大利南部的粘土中发生的水滞现象的影响。实际上,在这些土壤中,根部缺氧会导致气孔关闭,因此也会干扰臭氧的吸收和破坏。

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