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Current strategies in the farm practices and post-harvest pesticidal defence

机译:农场实践和收获后杀虫剂防御的当前策略

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Today, people often talk about biologic agriculture and Integrated Production (IP), even if the real meaning of these terms is altered. In both cases, they deal with production methods characterized by a particular attention to the reduction of the environmental impact of all the farm practices used, especially for defence from adversities, being the element of major concern for environment and consumers’ health.Farm practice evolution, especially those about pest defence, is based on important conceptual change, accurate scientific analysis and organization of technical assistance, rationalization of agri-pharmaceutical product use is one of the main objective of Integrated Production Specifications (IPS). The quantitative reduction is the first objective, obtained by various means such as the use of efficient equipment and the qualitative selection based on the priority use of minor impact means, effectiveness being equal. At post-harvest, the anti-parasitary defence is undergoing deep changes in our country. Once, pesticides very toxic and persistent were used; however, in the last years the availability of active principles (a.p.) usable on foodstuffs or in productive environments; for instance, methyl bromide use has been progressively reduced till its banishment because it is recognized to damage the ozone layer. Thus, on the whole we can talk about “integrated pest management” even for the post-harvest sector. However, substantial differences exist between agriculture and post-harvest, thus the integrated pest management in food production environment has to be designed in a different way. The fundamental element of this technique is to identify a tolerance threshold to pest attack but for the defence of food industries and stored foodstuffs is very difficult, if not impossible, to fix a limit to insect presence after which intervening is compulsory. Monitoring of pest attacks and the implementation of prevention practices is fundamental; in post-harvest sector this activity can be carried out checking first matters to be stored and used by suitable analysis, as well as modifying systems, department structure, installing double door and air blade barriers, laying of pavements with special epoxy paints, replacing the traditional electric raceways with others, totally opened, steel grated, vertical and surely less delicate. As stated above, integrated pest management is a well estabilished technique, even if under continuous refinement; at post-harvest we are in a still transitory phase at the moment. However, industry are making great efforts to give consumers foods protected against pest attacks along the whole productive row, with strict hygienic and safety criteria.
机译:今天,即使这些术语的真实含义发生了变化,人们也经常谈论生物农业和综合生产(IP)。在这两种情况下,他们都以生产方法为特征,这些方法的特点是要特别注意减少所使用的所有农场生产方式对环境的影响,尤其是为了抵御逆境,这是对环境和消费者健康的主要关注因素。尤其是关于有害生物防御的技术,是基于重要的概念变化,准确的科学分析和组织的技术援助,对农产品的合理使用是综合生产规范(IPS)的主要目标之一。减少数量的首要目标是通过各种手段获得的,例如使用高效的设备以及基于优先使用较小影响手段,效果相同的定性选择。收获后,我国的反寄生虫防御正在发生深刻变化。曾经使用了剧毒且持久的农药。但是,在过去的几年中,可以在食品或生产环境中使用的有效成分(a.p.)的可用性;例如,由于人们认为甲基溴会破坏臭氧层,因此逐渐减少使用甲基溴直至放逐。因此,总的来说,即使对于收获后部门,我们也可以谈论“病虫害综合治理”。但是,农业与收获后之间存在实质性差异,因此必须以不同的方式设计粮食生产环境中的有害生物综合治理。该技术的基本要素是确定对害虫侵袭的耐受阈值,但对于食品工业和存储食品的防御来说,即使不是不可能,要限制昆虫的存在也是非常困难的,之后必须进行干预。监测有害生物袭击和执行预防措施是至关重要的;在收获后部门中,可以通过适当的分析来检查要存储和使用的首要物品,以及修改系统,部门结构,安装双扇门和风门挡板,用特殊的环氧涂料铺设人行道,更换与其他人一起使用的传统电动滚道,完全开放,钢磨碎,垂直,肯定不那么精致。如上所述,即使在不断完善的情况下,病虫害综合防治也是一项完善的技术。在收获后,我们目前仍处于过渡阶段。但是,工业界正在努力为消费者提供具有严格卫生和安全标准的食品,使其免受整个生产行中的虫害侵袭。

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