Introduction: Transanal evisceration of small bowel is an extremely rare surgical emergency. Of the nearly 70 cases reported in the literature, rectal prolapse is the predisposing factor that has been most frequently related to this pathology. Presentation of case: We report a 78-year-old female with history of chronic rectal prolapse who presented in our emergency department with evisceration of small intestinal loops through the anus. In surgery after complete reduction of the eviscerated bowel into the peritoneal cavity, almost 20cm of the terminal ileum up to the ileocecal valve were necrotic and therefore a right hemicolectomy with primary anastomosis was performed. Additionally a 2cm craniocaudally tear was revealed in the antimesenteric border of the upper rectum and a Hartman procedure was also performed. The patient was discharged after 10 days. Discussion: Early recognition and timely surgical intervention offers the best prognosis, avoiding a fatal conclusion or an extensive intestinal resection.
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