A Review on Efflux Pump Inhibitors of Medically Important Bacteria from Plant Sources

摘要

This study which was the first of its kind in Sudan, started on May 2005, completed on May 2007 and was approved July 2007, by the Graduate Studies Committee, University of Gezira. Its main objective was to elicit the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese hospital and community pharmacists on the impact of pharmaceutical industries' various promotional activities on their practices patterns. One hundred and thirty eight (n=138) community and hospital pharmacists were randomly selected from public and private pharmaceutical facilities, and addressed with a free to answer, open questionnaire composed of thirty one (31) questions .The questionnaire was developed, pre-tested and piloted on a representative sample of the study population (n =14), prior to commencing the main study. Results showed that the majority of respondents were young (mean: 32.62 years) males (58.7%) and majority (83.3%) had their undergraduate studies in Sudan. Though the medical representatives used to provide respondents with unbalanced (78.99%) medication information, yet (82.8%) had positive views towards them. Respondents (72.5%) had no gender bias towards female representatives. Respondents’ main sources of medication information were journals and text books (55.1%), industry’s promotional literature and representatives (54.14%), colleagues (23.6%) and information centers (17.3%). Majority considered promotional gifts (61.6%) and free goods offers (61.2%), ethically clean; while (38.3%) considered them as bribes. Community and hospital pharmacist shall seek independent sources of medication information, develop skills of appraising industry’s promotional literature, refrain from accepting promotional enticement offers, and be acquainted with ethical codes of promotion.