Characterization of Surface Water Components in Northern Sudan Using Raman Spectroscopy

摘要

Most population in northern Sudan are supplied by surface water sources directly from the Nile for drinking and irrigation purposes. As noted, most of them suffer from chronic diseases such as cancer and kidney failure. Water is expected to be a major and direct cause of these diseases, so the aim of this study is to identify the components of surface water in northern Sudan using Raman spectroscopy. Surface water Samples were collected from the Nile in different regions. The samples were analyzed at room temperature using Raman spectrometer model Horiba Lab RAM HR D3. The results showed that the samples contain different materials, beside the water, with different amounts; like: aromatic molecules, ester, salts, amides, phenol, alkynes and acids. From the results we have found that the water contains many toxic compounds such as cyanide, nitrate and phenol, which is one of the most important causes of cancer and renal failure. As well as can cause oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous iron (II) to ferric iron (III), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This process can lead to generalized lack of oxygen in organ tissue and a dangerous condition called methemoglobinemia.