Renaissances and current trends with electrochemical sensors and biosensors

摘要

The history of electrochemical sensors started with the discoveryof glass lamellas as pH-sensitive membranes by Cremer in 19061 andtheir characterization as potentiometric devices by Haber in 1909.2In the nineteen twenties the next milestone was laid by Heyrovskywith the invention of “polarography”3 which was later named“voltammetry” leaving the original term only for methods usingthe dropping mercury electrode (DME). Whereas the subsequentdecades were dominated by polarography accompanied by alevelling-off interest in electroanalysis.