High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular disease: effect of exercise training

摘要

Abstract Decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas increased HDL-C levels are related to a decreased risk of {CAD} and myocardial infarction. Although {HDL} prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein under normal conditions, it triggers a structural change, inhibiting antiarteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory functions, under pathological conditions such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes. {HDL} can transform into various structures based on the quantitative reduction and deformation of apolipoprotein {A1} and is the primary cause of increased levels of dysfunctional HDL, which can lead to an increased risk of CAD. Therefore, analyzing the structure and components of {HDL} rather than HDL-C after the application of an exercise training program may be useful for understanding the effects of HDL.