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Study of skin and mucous membrane disorders among workers engaged in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry

机译:重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业工人皮肤和粘膜疾病的研究

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Background: Inhalation of dusts and fumes arising during the manufacture of sodium dichromate from chrome ore, chromic acid mist emitted during electroplating, and skin contact with chromate produce hazards to workers. Objectives:(1) To elucidate the prevalence of skin and mucous membrane disorders among the workers engaged in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry. (2) To know the relationship of prevalence with the duration of exposure to chrome mist, dust, and fumes. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the workers engaged in sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating from several industries situated near the Delhi-Haryana border in the districts of Faridabad and Sonepat of Haryana, India from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Materials and Methods: All the workers available from the concerned industries for the study were interviewed and medically examined after obtaining their informed consent. A total of 130 workers comprising 66 workers from the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and 64 workers from the chrome plating industry were examined on a pretested schedule. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistical methods (proportions, relative risk, and Chi-square test of significance with P value analyzed using Epi Info version 7). Results: All the workers were found to be males and of the adult age group. Out of the total examined, 69.69% and 56.22% of the workers had disorders of the nasal mucous membrane in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and the chrome plating industry, respectively. 42.42% and 28.22% of the workers had perforation of the nasal septum in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. 6.06% and 3.12% workers had skin ulcers in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. Nasal irritation and rhinorrhea were the most commonly found symptoms in both the processes . All workers were washing hands with soap in both the processes. 48.48% and 90.52% of the workers were using hand gloves in the sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating industry, respectively. Only 27.27% and 37.50% of the workers were using masks in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry and chrome plating industry, respectively. No worker was using protective clothing or barrier cream in the sodium dichromate manufacturing industry. 40.65% and 12.50% workers were using protective clothing and barrier cream in the chrome plating industry. Conclusion: Workers engaged in sodium dichromate manufacturing and chrome plating are at a great risk of skin and mucous membrane disorders including chrome holes and nasal septum perforation. Protective measures and awareness of the management and workers about the exposure hazards and safeguarding against them will be useful public measures to prevent these occupational hazards among workers engaged in these processes.
机译:背景:吸入铬矿生产重铬酸钠过程中产生的粉尘和烟雾,电镀过程中散发出的铬酸雾以及与铬酸盐的皮肤接触会对工人造成危害。目的:(1)阐明重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业工人皮肤和粘膜疾病的患病率。 (2)了解患病率与铬雾,灰尘和烟气暴露时间之间的关系。环境与设计:2014年1月1日至2014年1月1日至印度,在印度德里哈里亚纳邦德里和哈里亚纳邦边界附近的多个行业中,所有从事重铬酸钠制造和镀铬的工人均进行了横断面研究。 2014年12月31日。材料与方法:在获得知情同意后,对来自相关行业的所有从事研究的工人进行了采访和医学检查。按照预先测试的时间表对总共130名工人进行了检查,其中包括来自重铬酸钠制造业的66名工人和来自镀铬行业的64名工人。统计分析:描述性统计方法(比例,相对风险和显着性的卡方检验,使用Epi信息版本7分析的P值)。结果:所有工人均为男性,且为成年年龄组。在接受检查的工人总数中,分别有69.69%和56.22%的工人患有重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业的鼻粘膜疾病。重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业分别有42.42%和28.22%的工人鼻中膜穿孔。重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业分别有6.06%和3.12%的工人患有皮肤溃疡。在这两个过程中,最常见的症状是鼻刺激和鼻漏。在这两个过程中,所有工人都用肥皂洗手。重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业分别有48.48%和90.52%的工人使用手套。重铬酸钠制造业和镀铬行业分别只有27.27%和37.50%的工人使用口罩。重铬酸钠制造业中没有工人使用防护服或隔离霜。在镀铬行业中,有40.65%和12.50%的工人使用防护服和隔离霜。结论:从事重铬酸钠生产和镀铬的工人极有可能患皮肤和粘膜疾病,包括铬孔和鼻中隔穿孔。保护措施以及对管理人员和工人的接触危害的意识以及防止接触的危害,将是有益的公共措施,以防止从事这些过程的工人受到这些职业危害。

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