Actinomycetes are a group of prokaryotic organisms belonging to Gram-positive bacteria and play an important ecological role in recycling substances in the nature. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify actinomycetes from termite?s gut against human pathogen. Total isolates were examined for antimicrobial activity and selected isolate was identified using morphological characters and molecular technique. The results showed that eighty-three strains of actinomycetes were isolated from guts of Termes sp. Among these, 66, 67, 7, 9 and 3 isolated strains were active against the tested pathogenic microorganism of Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli and Candida utilis, respectively. Furthermore, some isolate of actinomycetes was able to inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen. The isolated actinomycetes strain FSPNRU 102 having broad spectrum of inhibition was selected. The morphological character of this strain showed aerial mycelium with longitudinal spirales-type spore chain and light black soluble pigment. The aerial spore color varied from white to gray. Moreover, this strain contained LL-diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan in the whole-cell hydrolysate of chemotaxonomical characteristic. These results assigned strain FSPNRU 102 to genus Streptomyces . Based on its 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis, this new isolate belong to the Streptomyces niveoruber .
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