Les Salafis au Yémen ou… La modernisation malgré tout. "Ils le disent… c’est donc qu’ils le sont?!" ou les pièges du discours de l’objet

摘要

The Salafis of Yemen …or modernization despite everything The Salafi movement in Yemen seemed at first to be a carbon-copy salafiya connected to the legacy of Muqbil al-Wadi‘i. Identity of this first current strengthened in the early 1980s in opposition to developments urged by the Muslim Brotherhood. Set in place rather by the regime than by a struggle against the regime, it is more and more rivaled by a ‘reformist’, or politicized, salafiya charged by dynamics similar to those that led the Muslim Brotherhood to open itself to the necessities of political and social modernization. On the other hand identifying a salafiya muqatila, or ‘jihadist salafiya’, is more difficult, as the ideological strictures on armed action in such a movement approximate only very roughly those of the Yemeni Salafis. Concerning the anti-western violence that outsiders routinely attribute – wrongly – to ‘Wahhabis’, the forceful French and German stance affirming the universal ties of humanism during the Anglo-American campaign against Iraq no doubt did more in a few weeks to counter violence and to ‘struggle against fundamentalism’ than did the hundreds of conferences and meetings during the past 15 years by which public authorities around the world had thought to address this critical goal.