Review of Studies on the Last Enzymes in Bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) and Chlorophyll (Chl) Biosynthesis

摘要

This paper summarizes the information available online related to mechanisms of Chlorophyll and Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis, emphasizing four enzymes in its last steps. The biosynthesis of Chlorophyll (Chl)/Bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) is essential for the occurrence of photosynthesis. Four enzymes catalyze parts of the last chemical reactions steps to biosynthesize Bchl/Chl; they are: The Light-Dependent Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) Oxidoreductase (LPOR: EC 1.3.1.33), the Light-Independent Pchlide oxidoreductase (DPOR: EC 1.3.7.7), Chlide Reductase (COR: EC 1.3.99.35) and the Divinyl Reductase (DVR: EC 1.3.1.75). These enzymes catalyze the reductions reactions of tetrapyrrole’s rings in the Chlorophyll and Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis process. This review has the aim to organize, analyze and compare the most important discoveries related to these four enzymes discovered so far. The comparisons are made with the information from the bibliography used, and the sequence of these enzymes got from online database. Sequence alignment, phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis of all the four enzymes was conducted to find their levels of similarities.