Influence of nonideal LRL or TRL calibration elements on VNA S-parameter measurements

摘要

For the 7-term LRL and TRL calibration of a four-samplervector network analyser (VNA), expressions for the deviations of themeasured S-parameters of two-port test objects from their actual values arepresented as functions of the deviations of the S-parameters of the LRL/TRLcalibration elements from their ideal values. The obtained sensitivitycoefficients are suitable for establishing the Type-B uncertaintybudget for S-parameter measurements. They show how the measurements areaffected by imperfect calibration elements and nonideal connections.