NIWAS A non-interactive watermark authentication scheme for industrial field-programmable gate array designs

摘要

Except the network attacks, the industrial networked devices in Internet of things are also threatened by intellectualproperty infringement. Watermarking technique is a prevalent way to avoid this threat. Previous work on authenticatinga watermark in industrial intellectual properties easily discloses sensitive information of real embedded watermarks. Inthis case, the evidence of identifying the ownership of industrial intellectual property may be attacked by the illegal verifiers. Although several watermark detection techniques can address the disclosure of sensitive information in detectionprocedure, the efficiency of detection is relatively low. Besides, it may yield large communication overhead of multipleauthentication rounds. Motivated by the needs of robustness and efficiency, this work proposed a zero-knowledgeapproach to authenticate ownership of field-programmable gate array intellectual property design in industrial environment, named NIWAS. The prover can convince the verifier that he knows a secret in the suspected intellectual propertydesign via only one interaction. Real locations of watermarks are concealed through location obfuscation. With thereceived authentication package from the prover, the verifier cannot obtain other useful information about the watermarks. The experiments show that NIWAS achieves high efficiency and robustness of watermark detection.