Craniofacial Trauma as a Clinical Marker of Seizures in a Baboon Colony

摘要

Baboonsprovideanaturalmodelofepilepsy.However,spontaneousseizuresareusuallysporadic,brief,andmaynotbeobserved.Wehypothesizedthatvarioustypesofcraniofacialtrauma(CFT)mayserveasreliablemarkersforepilepsy.Weevaluatedthetype,demographics,andclinicalsignificanceofCFTinalargebabooncolony.CFTwascategorizedaccordingtosomatotopiclocation,propensitytorecur,andassociationwithwitnessedseizuresorabnormalEEGfindings.WedividedthebaboonswithCFTinto2groups:thosewithknownhistoriesofseizures(CFT+Sz,n=176)andthosewithoutseizurehistories(CFTonly;n=515).InCFT+Szbaboons,the568injuriesidentifiedincludedperiorbital(57%),scalp(27%),muzzle(12%),andfacial(4%)injuries;multiplesomatotopiclocationsorbodypartswereaffectedin21baboons.ThemostcommonCFTinjuriesassociatedwithseizureswereperiorbitalandscalplesions(43%foreachregion).ComparedwiththoseinCFTonlyanimals,EEGabnormalities,includinginterictalepilepticdischarges(IED)andphotosensitivityweremoreprevalentintheCFT+Szgroup,particularlyamongbaboonswithperiorbitalorscalpinjuries.ComparedwithCFT+Szanimals,CFTonlybaboonstendedtohavelateronsetandlessfrequentrecurrenceofCFTbuthigherprevalenceofmuzzleandtoothinjuries.IEDandphotosensitivitywerelessprevalentintheCFTonlythantheCFT+Szgroup,withperiorbitalinjuriescarryingthehighestandmuzzleinjuriesthelowestassociationwithIEDorphotosensitivityinbothgroups.Therefore,CFTingeneralandperiorbitalinjuriesinparticularmaybemarkersforseizuresinbaboons.